While sodium-ion batteries currently offer lower energy density and shorter cycle life, they benefit from abundant raw materials and more sustainable production. Recent breakthroughs in electrode and electrolyte design show promise for improved efficiency and longevity. Functioning similarly to lithium‑ion battery systems but using a much more abundant element, these batteries have the potential to be produced. Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) are gaining attention as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion technology in electric vehicles (EVs), driven by concerns over lithium's scarcity, high costs, and environmental impact. This study explores the feasibility of SIBs through a theoretical. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology. Sodium-ion (Na-ion) technology, which leverages one of the most abundant and inexpensive elements on Earth, is rapidly gaining attention as a viable complement to lithium-ion for the future of energy storage.
